What type of impairment includes congenital anomalies, diseases, or injuries that adversely affect educational performance?

The correct answer is orthopedic impairment. This category is defined in special education contexts as including physical disabilities that stem from congenital anomalies, diseases, or injuries that significantly impact a student's educational performance. These may include conditions like cerebral palsy, amputations, or other orthopedic conditions that fundamentally make participation in school activities more challenging.

Other health impairment refers to conditions that may affect a child's strength, vitality, or alertness, and typically includes issues like asthma, ADHD, or epilepsy which can influence their learning. Intellectual disability relates to limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, and specific learning disability pertains specifically to difficulties in processing academic tasks, such as reading or math, without necessarily being related to physical impairments.

Each of these other categories addresses different aspects of disabilities that impact education, but orthopedic impairment specifically focuses on the physical aspects that arise from birth defects, medical conditions, or physical injuries that directly hinder a child's ability to perform in an educational setting.